Propolis Mouthwash Effective For Gingivitis

This 2024 randomized controlled clinical trial compared the effectiveness of a propolis-based herbal mouthwash with the standard chlorhexidine mouthwash in reducing plaque and gingivitis.

Propolis is a natural substance made by bees. The bees use tree resin, sap, and their own enzymes to create a glue-like substance to seal and protect their hives. In humans, it has long been used as a traditional herbal remedy because it has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. In oral care, propolis has been shown to help reduce plaque, soothe gums, and prevent infections naturally.

Chlorhexidine is a synthetic chemical used as a mouthwash or disinfectant. It is effective at killing bacteria in the mouth, so it is often called the “gold standard” for treating gum disease. It can reduce plaque and gum inflammation quickly, but may cause side effects like staining teeth, changing taste, or irritating the mouth with long-term use.

Conducted at MAHSA University in Malaysia, the study enrolled 45 adults diagnosed with chronic generalized gingivitis. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups: propolis mouthwash, chlorhexidine mouthwash, or a placebo. The trial used a design where each participant eventually tested the three mouthwashes across separate 21-day phases, with a 15-day washout period in between.

Researchers measured dental plaque and gum inflammation both at the start of the trial and after 21 days of use. At the start, the groups showed similar oral health status. By day 21, there were statistically significant differences between the groups. Analysis revealed that the propolis mouthwash produced the greatest reductions in both plaque and gingival inflammation, outperforming chlorhexidine and the placebo.

The study concludes that propolis mouthwash is a safe and effective herbal alternative to chlorhexidine for managing gingivitis. In this particular trial, the propolis mouthwash was even more effective than the chemical alternative. These findings suggest that propolis may offer patients an effective, well-tolerated option that combines modern dentistry with a traditional medicine approach.