Xylitol is a natural sugar alcohol found in plants, including many fruits and vegetables. It has a sweet taste and is often used as a sugar substitute.
Xylitol tastes sweet but, unlike sugar, it doesn't cause tooth decay. It reduces levels of decay-causing bacteria in saliva and also acts against some bacteria that cause ear infections. It's widely used in "sugar-free" chewing gums, mints, and other candies.
In the US, products that contain xylitol are allowed to state that they reduce the risk for cavities. People also use xylitol to prevent tooth plaque, ear infection, dry mouth, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.
Xylitol can be toxic to dogs. If your dog eats a product that contains xylitol, take them to a veterinarian immediately.
Is It Effective?
NatMed Pro rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate.
- Cavities. Using xylitol-containing products in the mouth, such as chewing gum, candies, and toothpaste, reduces the risk for cavities in adults and children 5 years and older. It's unclear if it helps prevent cavities in children younger than 5 years old.
- Ear infection (otitis media). Giving xylitol-containing products such as a chewing gum, lozenges, or syrups daily after meals to preschool children seems to reduce the risk for ear infections. But giving xylitol right after a respiratory infection has started doesn't seem to prevent ear infections.
There is interest in using xylitol for a number of other purposes, but there isn't enough reliable information to say whether it might be helpful.
Is it Safe?
When taken by mouth: Xylitol is commonly consumed in foods. It is possibly safe when used in chewing gums, candies, lozenges, toothpastes, and mouth rinses in amounts up to about 50 grams daily. It might cause diarrhea and gas in some people.
Taking high doses of xylitol is possibly unsafe. Using very high doses long-term might cause tumors.
When used as a rinse in the nose: Xylitol is possibly safe when mixed in water to clear the sinuses.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Xylitol is commonly consumed in foods. There isn't enough reliable information to know if xylitol is safe to use as medicine when pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and stick to food amounts.
Children: Xylitol is possibly safe when taken by mouth in amounts up to 20 grams daily for up to three years.
It is not known if Xylitol interacts with any medicines. Before taking Xylitol, talk with your healthcare professional if you take any medications.
There are no known interactions with herbs and supplements.
There are no known interactions with foods.
Xylitol is available in many different types of products, including chewing gum, lozenges, mouth rinses, dental wipes, toothpastes, and nasal irrigation solutions. Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition.
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