The Impact of Fasting on Mitochondrial Health

Fasting—abstaining from some or all food and drink for a set period of time—has been a tradition in some cultures for thousands of years. Studies suggest that some fasting benefits may be linked to optimizing mitochondrial function, leading to improved energy production and overall health.

When fasting, the body undergoes a metabolic conversion in its fuel source, from stored glycogen to fatty acids, resulting in such benefits as improvements in cognitive performance, cardiovascular health, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.

Mitochondrial health may impact the health of the body as a whole. A recent study suggests that fasting may increase overall lifespan by promoting a balance in mitochondrial networks. Research has suggested that fasting may enhance the body’s mediators that promote mitochondrial biogenesis and improve mitochondrial function. A 2019 study that evaluated the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting suggested that fasting improved the expression of antioxidant regulatory genes, such as Nrf2.

Nutrition interventions to support mitochondrial function may include specific nutrients or intermittent fasting blended with a food plan. Patients with chronic diseases may need a personalize plan to reduce overall inflammation before introducing fasting. Fasting is not optimal for pregnant women, patients with a history of eating disorders, or patients with type 1 diabetes.